If a person has had back pain in the lumbar region, the reasons can be different up to the renal pathology. Most often this symptom is due to disease of the lumbosacral spine. The lumbar is moving, which causes more frequent injury of this region.
Why develop pain syndrome?
Back pain is just a symptom. Acute pain related to disruption of the lumbar vertebrae and discs, called lumbago. Why back pain in the lower part, everyone should know. There are the following causes of this symptom:
- osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine;
- a hernia between vertebrae;
- Bechterew's disease;
- the displacement of the vertebrae;
- congenital malformations (presence of additional lumbar vertebra, spina handles);
- congenital disorder of the form of the vertebrae;
- benign, malignant and vascular tumors;
- rheumatism;
- inflammation of muscles (myositis);
- inflammation of the sciatic nerve;
- fracture of the spine;
- spondylolisthesis;
- osteomyelitis;
- fibrosis;
- osteoporosis;
- protrusion of the disc;
- the narrowing of the spinal canal;
- arthritis;
- renal disease (hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, tumors).
The spine in the lower back may be sore due to simple muscle spasm. It is possible, with a sharp turn or performing sports exercises. Back pain in the lumbar region is more common in people who lead a sedentary lifestyle and lift weights. Individuals involved in sports, this pathology is much rarer.
Lumbosacral osteochondrosis
If you are constantly sore lower back from behind, it can be a manifestation of osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine. It is a disease that affects mainly the discs between the vertebrae. They become thin, leading to friction between them and the decrease in mobility of the drive. There are the following predisposing factors in the development of this disease:
- stay for hours in an uncomfortable position;
- long of torso;
- insufficient warm-up when exercising;
- weakness of the muscles and ligaments of the back;
- wearing backpacks with 1 strap;
- the presence of flat feet;
- heavy physical labor;
- most static load;
- the wrong organization of the workplace.
Back pain is the main symptom of degenerative disc disease. If 1 degree of the disease the pain syndrome is absent. With the development of disk protrusion develops lumbago. This is a suddenly appearing pain in the lower back. Some people feel it as a shock. It appears when a sharp change of posture or movement.
If back pain in the lumbar region, the cause may be lumbalgia. It's a chronic pain in osteochondrosis. Its appearance is not dependent on motor activity. The pain is aching. Such people find it difficult to bend the body. In the situation of a person lying on the back pain syndrome disappears or decreases.
Osteochondrosis of 3 degrees developed radicular syndrome. It appears lumborum ischialgia. It's the pain that gives to the lower extremities down to the toes. Often it is combined with the violation of the sensitivity. Discomfort in the lumbar region caused by compression of nerves, blood vessels and muscle spasm.
Symptoms of hernia
If worried about the lower back pain, the causes may be herniated. This is a very common disease. The nucleus of the disc of the vertebra. Often against this background, there is a rupture of the fibrous ring. The incidence rate of 150 cases per 100 thousand people. There are the following possible reasons for the formation of a hernia:
- injuries (bruises, falls);
- osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral;
- overweight;
- curvature of the spine;
- the sharp turns.
At risk include drivers and office workers who work at the computer. Pain when the hernia has the following features:
- is a local;
- often radiates to the thigh, buttocks and lower leg;
- combined with other symptoms (numbness, tingling);
- increases during exercise.
The severity of pain is determined by the size of the hernia. If it is large, it may lead to sciatica. It manifests itself sciatica. Is severe pain in the form of lumbagoes.
Most patients with a hernia developing pain on the type of lumbago. Additional symptoms of a hernia include low potency, limited mobility of the lower back, weakness in the legs. Sometimes broken urination.
Symptoms in ankylosing spondylitis
When back pain in the sacral region and lower back for extended periods of time, it is possible to suspect ankylosing spondylitis.
It is a chronic, systemic disease that most often affects the joints of the spine. The exact causes of this disease is not established. There are the following possible etiological factors:
- inflammation of the genitourinary system;
- hypothermia;
- bone injury;
- genetic predisposition;
- infection.
Ankylosing spondylitis occurs mainly in young people aged 15 to 40 years. This pathology manifests itself not articular and articular symptoms. Back pain and stiffness of the spine are considered to be the earliest symptom. The pain is felt in the lumbosacral region. In the early stages it is expressed poorly. Its appearance is due to inflammation.
The pain is bilateral. Many people say that pain is most pronounced on one side. It lasts more than 3 months and does not pass. The disease develops very slowly. Pain bother these people mainly in the morning. Perhaps its appearance after a prolonged static load.
By mid-day it decreases. Pain syndrome increases at rest and disappears during operation. The stage of the midst of the pain occurs at night and during work. In the later stages of developing sciatica. Pain in ankylosing spondylitis combined with deterioration of General health of a person, chest tightness, shortness of breath, drooping of the head, pain in muscles and chest. Often affects the eyes.
Kidney disease
If back pain in the lower back, the cause may be disease of the kidneys (hydronephrosis or pyelonephritis). The kidneys are retroperitoneal. When inflammation (pyelonephritis) lower back pain is the most common complaint of patients. This is the disease often diagnosed in children and young girls. Pyelonephritis often develops on the background of kidney stones.
The disease has an infectious nature. Most clearly is acute pyelonephritis. It is characterized by pain in the lower back, nausea, fever, chills, weakness, malaise, frequent urination. Often edema. The pain is often unilateral, dull and constant. Irradiation it is possible in the region of the hypochondrium, abdomen and navel.
If there is pain in the lower back, the reasons may lie in hydronephrosis. This is a disease in which the expansion of the renal calyx and pelvis. Often, this pathology develops in young children. The basis for the development of hydronephrosis is a violation of the outflow of urine, malfunction of valves and obstruction of the urinary tract.
Hydronephrosis appears sharp pain in the back. She is irradiating. It occurs in the side slightly above the hip bones. The pain is paroxysmal, reminiscent of renal colic. Pain syndrome combined with nausea, vomiting, appearance of blood in the urine.
Manifestations of sciatica
If strongly hurts the spine in the lumbar region, the cause may be inflammation of the sciatic nerve. This condition is called sciatica. The risk group includes elderly persons. Sciatica (sciatica) often develops on the background of a herniated disc, infectious diseases (influenza, malaria, tuberculosis), and osteoarthritis of intoxication. Sciatica is often observed in pregnant women.
Pain when sciatica has the following features:
- sharp (dagger);
- penetrating;
- intense;
- burning or shooting;
- originally appears in the lower back and then goes down (is top-down in nature);
- extends into the buttock, thigh and lower leg;
- worried constantly in the form of attacks;
- has a different effect;
- often unilateral.
The pain is accompanied by tingling, numbness and motor disorders. Other symptoms of sciatica refers muscle atrophy, impaired sweating, dryness and thinning of the skin.
The plan of examination of patients
Not everyone knows what to do if back pain in the lumbar region. You need to go to the doctor and get tested. You may need the following investigations:
- computed tomography;
- x-rays of the lumbosacral spine;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys;
- magnetic resonance imaging;
- electroneuromyography;
- vascular Doppler;
- General and biochemical blood analysis;
- urine;
- cystourethrography.
Always perform inspection and palpation of the lumbar region and spine. Need to consult a neurologist or vertebrologist. During the examination the doctor evaluates the mobility of the spine, reflexes, muscle strength, range of motion in the limbs. Almost always the cause of back pain are diseases of the spine. They are easy to identify by picture.
Therapeutic measures
If sore back, the treatment must be directed at the underlying cause of pain. The following methods of treatment:
- systemic drug therapy;
- the use of local anaesthetic in the form of gels and ointments;
- physiotherapy;
- chiropractic;
- acupuncture;
- blockade;
- surgical treatment;
- LFK.
Such patients should be engaged in gymnastics and to follow a high protein diet. All the work should have a high amplitude. If lower back pain is a symptom of pyelonephritis, it is required to comply with bed rest, painkillers and antibiotics. In chronic inflammation additionally appointed diuretics. Antibiotics preference for fluoroquinolones and penicillins.
Additionally appointed immunomodulators and vitamins. In the case of hydronephrosis may require surgical treatment. When the pain on the background of sciatica apply analgesics (Analgin), tool combination, NSAIDs. In severe cases, novocaine blockade. In the scheme of treatment include massage, exercises, acupuncture.
To eliminate the pain can be distracting therapy. Apply the ointment with bee or snake venom. When the hernia is shown NSAIDs, spinal traction, massage and therapeutic exercise. In severe cases, surgery is needed. When the pain on the background of sciatica treatment involves immobilization of the spine, the use of painkillers and an intramuscular administration of anesthetics. Additionally appointed B vitamins (Combilipen).
Effective and physical therapy. Upon detection of osteoarthritis are shown physiotherapy, massage, pain, physical therapy. Is also appointed chondroprotectors. Such patients need to move more and to spend less time standing or sitting. In the scheme of treatment include manual therapy and blockade. Thus, the appearance of pain in the lower back is the reason for going to the hospital.